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Lens3 min read

Rolling returns: the number that survives a different start date

A point-to-point return is one draw from a distribution, and the draw is chosen by the start date. What rolling returns measure instead, how to read the spread, and why the median matters more than the headline.

Screener2 min read

Why adding criteria makes a screen look better and work worse

Each criterion added to a screen improves how it looks on the data you built it on and usually worsens how it performs on data you did not. Why that happens, and how to tell fit from edge.

Forge3 min read

Turning requirements into test cases with an LLM: what actually breaks

Generating test cases from a written requirement works well until the requirement is ambiguous, which is most of the time. What the model does with the gaps, and how to structure the work so it surfaces them instead of filling them.

Lens2 min read

Ten funds, one bet: the concentration behind a diversified portfolio

Holding more funds spreads the fee, not necessarily the risk. How to compute what you actually own at the stock level, why the top holdings dominate, and what a genuine reduction in concentration looks like.

Forge5 min read

WhatsApp automation in India: what you are actually allowed to send

Opt-in, the 24-hour window and template approval decide what you can send on WhatsApp, not your CRM. What each rule means, why TRAI's DLT registration does not apply, and how a contact list shrinks to a reachable audience.

Forge4 min read

What AI changes about software testing, and what it does not

AI generates tests quickly, but generated tests assert current behaviour, which encodes existing bugs as expected. Where AI genuinely reduces QA effort, where the oracle problem stops it, and how to tell the two apart.

Forge4 min read

When to use an AI agent, and when a script is the right answer

Agents are chosen for task complexity when the deciding factor is input variance. Where each one belongs, why an agent's failures are harder to catch than a script's, and the hybrid that usually wins.

Learn4 min read

Why your backtest looks better than reality

Survivorship bias, look-ahead bias and overfitting each inflate backtested returns in ways that vanish in live trading. What each one is, how it creeps in, and how to test for it.

Screener3 min read

Screening criteria that survive contact with the market

Most screens return either four companies or four hundred. How to choose criteria that narrow a universe without accidentally encoding a single sector, and how to sanity-check a screen before trusting it.

Screener3 min read

What a trade actually costs in India: brokerage, STT, GST and slippage

Zero-brokerage is not zero-cost. A full breakdown of every charge on an Indian equity trade, why slippage usually exceeds the visible fees, and what it does to a high-frequency strategy.

Lens3 min read

Mutual fund portfolio overlap: how to measure what you actually own

Holding five funds does not mean holding five portfolios. How to compute overlap between funds, what counts as high, and why diversification by fund count is a poor proxy for diversification.

Lens3 min read

XIRR vs CAGR: which return number is telling you the truth?

CAGR and XIRR answer different questions, and using the wrong one can overstate a SIP return by several percentage points. The formulas, a worked example, and when each applies.